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Passé Simple
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The passé simple is a past tense used only in writing, usually in literary texts, fairy tales and sometimes in journalism. It indicates that an action has been completed in the past and has no relation to the present.
Ex. Je fus un instant sans répondre.
(For a moment, I didn’t respond.)
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This tense is the literary equivalent to passé compose. It is usually used to create stylistic effects.
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Formation: regular verbs whose infinitive ends in –er drop the –er and add the endings:-ai, -as, -a, -âmes, -âtes, -èrent
Je regarderai nous regardâmes
Tu regardas vous regardâtes
Il/elle/ on regarda Ils/elles regardèrent
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Regular verbs with the endings –ir or –re, drop the ending and add:
Je répondis nous répondîmes
Tu répondis vous répondîtes
Il/elle on répondit Ils/elles répondirent
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The passé simple of some frequently used irregular verbs are:
Avoir:
J’eus nous eûmes
Tu eus vous eûtes
Il/elle eut Ils/elles eurent
Être
Je fus nous fûmes
Tu fus vous fûtes
Il/elle on fut Ils/elles furent
Faire
Je fis nous fimes
Tu fis vous fites
Il/elle on fit Ils/elles firent
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The passé simple of many irregular verbs is built on their past participle. Those with a past participle ending in –is (mis, pris, etc.) have an i in their passé simple stem: (je mis, nous mîmes, etc.) Those whose past participle ends in –u (cru, su, etc.) have a u in their passé simple stem: (tu crus, vous crûtes, etc.)